The red-light spectrum induces an effect on seedling growth which was mostly the promotion on height growth. LED lighting can supply seedlings with a desired spectrum comprising different proportions of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in wavelengths of red-, green-, and blue-lights (600вЂ“700 nm, 500вЂ“600 nm, and 400вЂ“500 nm, respectively). Recent studies have been concerned about the quality of seedlings exposed to light-emitting diode (LED) spectra. Alternative approaches to promote quality of slowly growing seedlings is always favored for target seedling projects.Д®vidence that tree growth speed is promoted by daily photoperiod is accumulating across species. To produce high-quality seedlings for slowly growing species, significant costs of time expense, land use, and labor investment are needed during nursery culture. Quality assessment is an easy and applicable approach to evaluate the success for the culture of target seedlings. Target seedlings are also necessary for successful restoration of urban forests, where tree species with a high utilization value in landscapes are frequently needed. Morphological and biological attributes in seedlings are modified to overcome or acclimate to field stressors. The вЂtarget plant conceptвЂ™ is widely used as a guide for nursery culture of tree stocks to meet the aim of successful restoration in harsh sites. This This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The commercial affiliation is related to the employment of the author Jia Guo. The specific roles of the author are articulated in the вЂauthor contributionsвЂ™ section.Д¬ompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The funder provided support in the form of salaries for the author, Jia Guo, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Дata Availability: Data will be disclosed as supplemental file.ДЇunding: This research was funded by Project of Development and Research on Unordinary Ornamental Trees (grant number, 2018HX014), Bamboo industry promotion project of Jingning (grant number, 2016HX025), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes (grant number, CAFYBB2017SY016). Received: DecemAccepted: ApPublished: April 28, 2022Д¬opyright: В© 2022 Song et al. PLoS ONE 17(4):Д®ditor: Saddam Hussain, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN In conclusion, although the red-light LED spectrum can promote seedling growth, green light combined with Cos spray is recommended with the aim of maintaining seedling quality and increasing P utilization in Luohan pine seedlings.Д¬itation: Song Q, Xu L, Long W, Guo J, Zhang X (2022) Quality assessment and nutrient uptake and utilization in Luohan pine ( Podocarpus macrophyllus) seedlings raised by chitosan spraying in varied LED spectra. DQI was found to have a positive relationship with phosphorus utilization.

The Cos spray enhanced fine-root growth, protein, and chlorophyll-b contents with elevated nutrient utilization and quality in seedlings in the green-light spectrum. The red-light spectrum promoted height, biomass, nutrient utilization, and quality assessment ( DQI) in water-sprayed seedlings. Luohan pine ( Podocarpus macrophyllus) seedlings were exposed to red (red-green-blue lights, 71.7%-13.7%-14.6%), green (26.2%-56.4%-17.4%), and blue (17.8%-33.7%-48.5%) LED-light spectra with half receiving leaf spray by chitosan oligosaccharides (Cos) at a rate of 2 ppm (w/w) and the other half receiving only water. Exposure to light-emitting diode (LED) spectra is a well-known approach that can accelerate growing speed in tree seedlings, but it is still unknown whether seedling quality and nutrient utilization would be further improved with exogeneous polymer additives. Target seedling cultivation pursues high quality and nutrient utilization instead of increasing growth and size.

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